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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Nusrat KhanORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. Purpose: Bangladesh has experienced a rapid epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent decades. There is, however, limited evidence about multidimensional determinants of NCDs in this population. The BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) study is a household-based prospective cohort study established to investigate biological, behavioural, environmental and broader determinants of NCDs. Participants: Between January 2016 and March 2020, 73 883 participants (aged 11 years or older) were recruited from 30 817 households across urban, urban-poor ('slum') and rural settings in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained personnel recording participants' demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural, medical, environmental and other factors. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded for each participant. Biological specimens were collected and aliquoted for long-term storage and analysis. Findings to date: Of the 73 883 study participants (mean [SD] baseline age: 39 [15] years), 43 470 (59%) were females, and 38 848 (52%) had no or only primary-level education. Focusing only on the 65 822 adult participants aged 20-79 years at baseline, 15 411 (23%) reported being diagnosed with hypertension; 10 578 (16%) with type 2 diabetes and 7624 (12%) with hypercholesterolaemia. Age and sex-standardised prevalences of these conditions were much higher in urban than slum and rural settings. Overall, the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 25 (5) kg/m 2, with 10 442 (16%) participants aged 20-79, classified as obese (ie, BMI≥30 kg/m 2). Mean BMI was also higher in urban than slum and rural areas. Future plans: The collection of information during the baseline visit was completed in 2020. Regular longitudinal follow-up is ongoing for ascertainment and adjudication of a range of fatal and non-fatal health outcomes among participants. This cohort will provide a powerful resource to investigate multidimensional determinants of incident NCDs across diverse settings in Bangladesh, helping to advance scientific discovery and public health action in an archetypal low-middle-income country with pressing public health needs.
Author(s): Chowdhury R, Khan N, Pennells L, Iurilli MLC, Uddin Miah MT, Monower MM, Rahman KMT, Samin S, Saqeeb KN, Tasmin I, Farrow E, Farrow S, Michielsen A, Perry C, Spackman S, Van Coeverden C, Walker M, Ahmed T, Ajioka J, Awal KAA, Butterworth AS, Chatzidiakou E, Feldmann J, Fenner R, Flora MS, Haque T, Hawkes S, Islam SS, Islam S, Jones RL, Kaptoge S, Khan KH, King L, Luhar S, Malik A, Malik F-T-N, Naved RT, Naheed A, Popoola O, Raqib R, Shirin T, Sutton S, Van Daalen KR, Wood A, Griffin S, Mascie Taylor N, Khalequzzaman M, Khan MA, Choudhury SR, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: BMJ Open
Year: 2025
Volume: 15
Online publication date: 22/01/2025
Acceptance date: 28/11/2024
Date deposited: 10/02/2025
ISSN (print): 2044-6055
ISSN (electronic): 2044-6055
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group
URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088338
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088338
Data Access Statement: Data are available on reasonable request. Data are available upon application to the study’s Steering and Data Access Committee.
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