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Towards Green, Scalable Peptide Synthesis: Leveraging DEG-Crosslinked Polystyrene Resins to Overcome Hydrophobicity Challenges

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Othman AlmusaimiORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEG)-crosslinked polystyrene (PS) resin offers a promising alternative to traditional divinyl benzene (DVB)-PS resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), particularly for challenging sequences with hydrophobic or bulky amino acids. DEG-PS resin's reduced hydrophobicity and enhanced flexibility improve synthesis efficiency, yielding peptides up to 28 residues with higher purities and yields compared to DVB-PS. In various syntheses, DEG-PS outperformed DVB-PS resin, with higher purities and yields for challenging peptides such as ABC analogue (73.2%, 58.3% vs. 72.5%, 46.3%) and Thymosin (58.4%, 48.6% vs. 54.0%, 39.2%). In addition, DEG-PS resin effectively suppressed common side reactions, such as dipeptide formation, typically encountered with Wang PS-based resins. Incorporating green chemistry principles, DEG-PS enabled the synthesis of complex peptides with satisfactory results using environmentally friendly solvents and reagents. Three challenging peptides; β (34–42), Jung and Redemann (JR), and ABRF 1992–were synthesized on DEG-PS resin, achieving purities of 41.4%, 41.0%, and 68.0%, and yields of 50.5%, 52.6%, and 56.2%, respectively. These findings highlight DEG-PS resin's advantages for classical, green, and automated SPPS, offering superior performance and scalability for industrial applications.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Al Musaimi O, Tomkins J, Barry SM, Basso A, Kou X, Zhang C, Serban S

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: RSC Advances

Year: 2024

Volume: 54

Online publication date: 23/12/2024

Acceptance date: 06/12/2024

Date deposited: 07/01/2025

ISSN (electronic): 2046-2069

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07484J

DOI: 10.1039/D4RA07484J

Data Access Statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its ESI.


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
King’s Climate & Sustainability Seed Fund Award
MRC-1AA (MR/X502923/1)

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