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Embracing cancer complexity: Hallmarks of systemic disease

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Kate Musgrave

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Abstract

© 2024The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary developments in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis, synthesized as the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this logical framework, our understanding of the molecular basis of systemic manifestations and the underlying causes of cancer-related death remains incomplete. Looking forward, elucidating how tumors interact with distant organs and how multifaceted environmental and physiological parameters impinge on tumors and their hosts will be crucial for advances in preventing and more effectively treating human cancers. In this perspective, we discuss complexities of cancer as a systemic disease, including tumor initiation and promotion, tumor micro- and immune macro-environments, aging, metabolism and obesity, cancer cachexia, circadian rhythms, nervous system interactions, tumor-related thrombosis, and the microbiome. Model systems incorporating human genetic variation will be essential to decipher the mechanistic basis of these phenomena and unravel gene-environment interactions, providing a modern synthesis of molecular oncology that is primed to prevent cancers and improve patient quality of life and cancer outcomes.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Swanton C, Bernard E, Abbosh C, Andre F, Auwerx J, Balmain A, Bar-Sagi D, Bernards R, Bullman S, DeGregori J, Elliott C, Erez A, Evan G, Febbraio MA, Hidalgo A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Joyce JA, Kaiser M, Lamia K, Locasale JW, Loi S, Malanchi I, Merad M, Musgrave K, Patel KJ, Quezada S, Wargo JA, Weeraratna A, White E, Winkler F, Wood JN, Vousden KH, Hanahan D

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Cell

Year: 2024

Volume: 187

Issue: 7

Pages: 1589-1616

Online publication date: 28/03/2024

Acceptance date: 02/04/2024

ISSN (print): 0092-8674

ISSN (electronic): 1097-4172

Publisher: Elsevier B.V.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.009

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.009

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