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Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations and risk of 14 lifestyle-related cancers in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Lookup NU author(s): Fiona Malcomson, Dr Liya Lu, Professor Linda Sharp, Professor John Mathers

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2023, The Author(s).Background: The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based recommendations which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated associations between adherence, assessed using a standardised scoring system, and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with aspects of lifestyle in the UK. Methods: We used data from 94,778 participants (53% female, mean age 56 years) from the UK Biobank. Total adherence scores (range 0–7 points) were derived from dietary, physical activity, and anthropometric data. Associations between total score and cancer risk (all cancers combined; and prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, uterine, liver, pancreatic, stomach, oesophageal, head and neck, ovarian, kidney, bladder, and gallbladder cancer) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation index, ethnicity, and smoking status. Results: Mean total score was 3.8 (SD 1.0) points. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 7296 individuals developed cancer. Total score was inversely associated with risk of all cancers combined (HR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90–0.95 per 1-point increment), as well as breast (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.86–0.95), colorectal (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.97), kidney (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72–0.94), oesophageal (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71–0.98), ovarian (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65–0.90), liver (HR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63–0.97), and gallbladder (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.53–0.93) cancers. Conclusions: Greater adherence to lifestyle-based recommendations was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of breast, colorectal, kidney, oesophageal, ovarian, liver, and gallbladder cancers. Our findings support compliance with the Cancer Prevention Recommendations for cancer prevention in the UK.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Malcomson FC, Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Lu L, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: BMC Medicine

Year: 2023

Volume: 21

Issue: 1

Online publication date: 28/11/2023

Acceptance date: 05/10/2023

Date deposited: 11/12/2023

ISSN (electronic): 1741-7015

Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd

URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03107-y

DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03107-y

Data Access Statement: Data are available upon request from UK Biobank (www.ukbiobank.ac.uk).


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
IIG_FULL_2020_032
Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF)
World Cancer Research Fund International

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