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Lookup NU author(s): Jawza AlotaibiORCiD, Professor Hamde Nazar, Dr Ilona Obara
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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. OBJECTIVES: To undertake a state-of-the-art review and narrative synthesis of current evidence investigating community pharmacist-led interventions addressing analgesic medication misuse. To achieve the objective, a systematic database search was undertaken during October and November 2020 across Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. Community pharmacy interventions were mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel to investigate the pharmacist and patient behaviours addressed by the interventions. Outcomes about process and effects were extracted. A risk of bias assessment was undertaken. KEY FINDINGS: Five studies undertaken in the USA and Northern Ireland were included. Brief Motivational Interviewing and Medication Therapy Management and the Opioid and Naloxone Education programme demonstrated positive process outcomes and feasibility in delivery. Intervention functions addressing patient and pharmacist behaviours across the studies included education, training, environmental restructuring and enablement. Restrictions were an additional intervention function targeting patient behaviour incorporated in one study. Pharmacist roles involved the identification of potential misusers/abusers, patient education, long-term management, prevention and referral. Low study numbers, non-experimental designs, high risk of bias, incomplete reporting of interventions and heterogeneous outcome measures limited evidence synthesis. SUMMARY: There is limited evidence of pharmacy interventions and their well-tested impact on pharmacists and patients. There is clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies. It is pragmatic to suggest that a systems-thinking approach is adopted to investigate the potential role of community pharmacists and engage all stakeholders in the design of a theory-informed intervention. More high-quality studies including larger population sizes undertaken for longer periods of time that are rigorously reported are needed to improve the evidence base.
Author(s): Mills VG, Meaadi J, Nazar H, Obara I
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
Year: 2022
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 305-314
Print publication date: 01/08/2022
Online publication date: 26/05/2022
Acceptance date: 26/04/2022
ISSN (print): 0961-7671
ISSN (electronic): 2042-7174
Publisher: Oxford University Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac041
DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac041
PubMed id: 35639757
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