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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Hamde Nazar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Background: Intervention planners need to be sufficiently cognisant of the health system landscape to facilitate embedding, adoption and diffusion of new services. Pharmacist-led transfer of care initiatives from hospital to community have been developed to address a health system flaw: patient hospital readmissions. A hospital in England partnered with a chain of community pharmacies establishing a domiciliary pharmacist medicines use review service (DMRS) for discharged patients to reduce hospital readmissions. Objectives: We adopt a systems thinking approach to understand the adoption and diffusion of the service by investigating the perceptions of hospital and community pharmacy staff. The experience of a role swap between these settings is investigated to probe further system factors influencing service provision. Methods: Semi-structured interviews informed by a conceptual model for the diffusion, dissemination and implementation of innovations, were conducted with hospital and community pharmacy staff between Oct–Dec 2016. Interviews were audio-recorded with consent, transcribed verbatim and a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used. Results: Four each of hospital and community pharmacy staff were interviewed and four hospital staff were interviewed after the role swap. Staff indicated barriers and facilitators thematically related to organisational and individual-level components of a conceptual model about service diffusion and implementation. The role swap appeared to address the lack of a feedback loop, which was limiting engagement of hospital staff. The role swap led to improved trust and shared goals between the healthcare sectors and increased appreciation and self-efficacy of the hospital staff role. Conclusions: A systems thinking lens offered the opportunity to investigate the wider healthcare system within which the DMRS was being provided. The role swap aligned to the principles of participatory design of an intervention to facilitate successful adoption and diffusion and contribute to more insightful evaluation about the process and context of service implementation.
Author(s): Nazar H, Nazar Z
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Year: 2021
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 808-815
Print publication date: 01/04/2021
Online publication date: 05/08/2020
Acceptance date: 16/07/2020
Date deposited: 16/10/2020
ISSN (print): 1551-7411
ISSN (electronic): 1934-8150
Publisher: Elsevier Inc.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.017
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.017
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