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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Ali Ghareeb, Professor Majlinda LakoORCiD, Professor David SteelORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2020 The Authors. STEM CELLS Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of AlphaMed Press. Stem cell-derived retinal organoids offer the opportunity to cure retinal degeneration of wide-ranging etiology either through the study of in vitro models or the generation of tissue for transplantation. However, despite much work in animals and several human pilot studies, satisfactory therapies have not been developed. Two major challenges for retinal regenerative medicine are: (a) physical cell-cell interactions, which are critical to graft function, are not formed, and (b) the host environment does not provide suitable queues for development. Several strategies offer to improve the delivery, integration, maturation, and functionality of cell transplantation. These include minimally invasive delivery, biocompatible material vehicles, retinal cell sheets, and optogenetics. Optimizing several variables in animal models is practically difficult, limited by anatomical and disease pathology which is often different to humans, and faces regulatory and ethical challenges. High-throughput methods are needed to experimentally optimize these variables. Retinal organoids will be important to the success of these models. In their current state, they do not incorporate a representative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor interface nor vascular elements, which influence the neural retina phenotype directly and are known to be dysfunctional in common retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. Advanced coculture techniques, which emulate the RPE-photoreceptor and RPE-Bruch's-choriocapillaris interactions, can incorporate disease-specific, human retinal organoids and overcome these drawbacks. Herein, we review retinal coculture models of the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris. We delineate the scientific need for such systems in the study of retinal organogenesis, disease modeling, and the optimization of regenerative cell therapies for retinal degeneration.
Author(s): Ghareeb AE, Lako M, Steel DH
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine
Year: 2020
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 1531-1548
Print publication date: 01/12/2020
Online publication date: 07/08/2020
Acceptance date: 05/07/2020
Date deposited: 25/08/2020
ISSN (print): 2157-6564
ISSN (electronic): 2157-6580
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.20-0201
DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0201
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