Toggle Main Menu Toggle Search

Open Access padlockePrints

The Pathogenesis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Sanjay PandanaboyanaORCiD

Downloads

Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.


Abstract

© The Author(s) 2018.Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a condition that can encompass ischemia, inflammation, and infarction of the intestinal wall. In contrast to most patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, NOMI is distinguished by patent arteries and veins. The clinical presentation of NOMI is often insidious and nonspecific, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Patients most at risk are those with severe acute and critical disease, including major surgery and trauma. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia is part of a spectrum, from mild, asymptomatic, and an unexpected finding on CT scanning, through to those exhibiting abdominal distension and peritonitis. Severe NOMI is associated with a significant mortality rate. This review of NOMI pathophysiology was conducted to document current concepts and evidence, to examine the implications for diagnosis and treatment, and to identify gaps in knowledge that might direct future research. The key pathologic mechanisms involved in the genesis of NOMI represent an exaggerated normal physiological response to maintain perfusion of vital organs at the expense of mesenteric perfusion. A supply–demand mismatch develops in the intestine due to the development of persistent mesenteric vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the intestine, particularly to the vulnerable superficial mucosa. This mismatch can be exacerbated by raised intra-abdominal pressure, enteral nutrition, and the use of certain vasoactive drugs, ultimately resulting in the development of intestinal ischemia. Strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment are urgently needed.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Al-Diery H, Phillips A, Evennett N, Pandanaboyana S, Gilham M, Windsor JA

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Year: 2019

Volume: 34

Issue: 10

Pages: 771-781

Print publication date: 01/10/2019

Online publication date: 23/07/2018

Acceptance date: 02/04/2016

ISSN (print): 0885-0666

ISSN (electronic): 1525-1489

Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066618788827

DOI: 10.1177/0885066618788827

PubMed id: 30037271


Share