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Use of a 3-Item Short-Form Version of the Barthel Index for Use in Stroke

Lookup NU author(s): Emerita Professor Helen Rodgers

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This is the authors' accepted manuscript of an article that has been published in its final definitive form by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2017.

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Abstract

© 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.Background and Purpose - There may be a potential to reduce the number of items assessed in the Barthel Index (BI), and shortened versions of the BI have been described. We sought to collate all existing short-form BI (SF-BI) and perform a comparative validation using clinical trial data. Methods - We performed a systematic review across multidisciplinary electronic databases to find all published SF-BI. Our validation used the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive) resource. We describe concurrent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with BI), convergent and divergent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with other outcome measures available in the data set), predictive validity (association of prognostic factors with SF-BI outcomes), and content validity (item correlation and exploratory factor analyses). Results - From 3546 titles, we found 8 articles describing 6 differing SF-BI. Using acute trial data (n=8852), internal reliability suggested redundancy in BI (Cronbach α, 0.96). Each SF-BI demonstrated a strong correlation with BI, modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (all ρ≥0.83; P<0.001). Using rehabilitation trial data (n=332), SF-BI demonstrated modest correlation with quality of life measures Stroke Impact Scale and 5 domain EuroQOL (ρ≥0.50, P<0.001). Prespecified prognostic factors were associated with SF-BI outcomes (all P<0.001). Our factor analysis described a 3 factor structure, and item reduction suggested an optimal 3-item SF-BI comprising bladder control, transfer, and mobility items in keeping with 1 of the 3-item SF-BI previously described in the literature. Conclusions - There is redundancy in the original BI; we have demonstrated internal and external validity of a 3-item SF-BI that should be simple to use.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Macisaac RL, Ali M, Taylor-Rowan M, Rodgers H, Lees KR, Quinn TJ

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Stroke

Year: 2017

Volume: 48

Issue: 3

Pages: 618-623

Print publication date: 01/03/2017

Online publication date: 02/02/2017

Acceptance date: 19/12/2016

Date deposited: 22/08/2017

ISSN (print): 0039-2499

ISSN (electronic): 1524-4628

Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

URL: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014789

DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014789


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