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Langerhans cell origin and regulation

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Matthew CollinORCiD, Dr Paul Milne

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Abstract

Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Purpose of review This article summarizes recent research on the ontogeny of Langerhans cells and regulation of their homeostasis in quiescent and inflamed conditions. Recent findings Langerhans cells originate prenatally and may endure throughout life, independently of bone marrowderived precursors. Fate-mapping experiments have recently resolved the relative contribution of primitive yolk sac and fetal liver hematopoiesis to the initial formation of Langerhans cells. In postnatal life, local self-renewal restores Langerhans cell numbers following chronic or low-grade inflammatory insults. However, severe inflammation recruits de-novo bone marrow-derived precursors in two waves; a transient population of classical monocytes followed by uncharacterized myeloid precursors that form a stable self-renewing Langerhans cell network as inflammation subsides. Human CD1c+ dendritic cells have Langerhans cell potential in vitro, raising the possibility that dendritic cell progenitors provide the second wave. Langerhans cell development depends upon transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling with distinct pathways active during differentiation and homeostasis. Langerhans cell survival is mediated by multiple pathways including mechanistic target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, mechanisms that become highly relevant in Langerhans cell neoplasia. Summary The study of Langerhans cells continues to provide novel and unexpected insights into the origin and regulation of myeloid cell populations. The melding of macrophage and dendritic cell biology, shaped by a unique habitat, is a special feature of Langerhans cells.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Collin M, Milne P

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Current Opinion in Hematology

Year: 2016

Volume: 23

Issue: 1

Pages: 28-35

Online publication date: 01/01/2016

Acceptance date: 01/01/1900

ISSN (print): 1065-6251

ISSN (electronic): 1531-7048

Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

URL: http://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000202

DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000202


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