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Low frequency of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer in the INHANCE consortium pooled analysis

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Peter Thomson

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Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). To our knowledge, low cigarette smoking (<10 cigarettes per day) has not been extensively investigated in fine categories or among never alcohol drinkers.Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data from 23 independent case-control studies including 19 660 HNC cases and 25 566 controls. After exclusion of subjects using other tobacco products including cigars, pipes, snuffed or chewed tobacco and straw cigarettes (tobacco product used in Brazil), as well as subjects smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day, 4093 HNC cases and 13 416 controls were included in the analysis. The lifetime average frequency of cigarette consumption was categorized as follows: never cigarette users, >0-3, >3-5, >5-10 cigarettes per day.Results: Smoking >0-3 cigarettes per day was associated with a 50% increased risk of HNC in the study population [ odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.21, 1.90). Smoking >3-5 cigarettes per day was associated in each subgroup from OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.31) among never alcohol drinkers to OR = 2.74 (95% CI: 2.01, 3.74) among women and in each cancer site, particularly laryngeal cancer (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.40, 5.05). However, the observed increased risk of HNC for low smoking frequency was not found among smokers with smoking duration shorter than 20 years.Conclusion: Our results suggest a public health message that low frequency of cigarette consumption contributes to the development of HNC. However, smoking duration seems to play at least an equal or a stronger role in the development of HNC.

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Author(s): Berthiller J, Straif K, Agudo A, Ahrens W, dos Santos AB, Boccia S, Cadoni G, Canova C, Castellsague X, Chen C, Conway D, Curado MP, Dal Maso L, Daudt AW, Fabianova E, Fernandez L, Franceschi S, Fukuyama EE, Hayes RB, Healy C, Herrero R, Holcatova I, Kelsey K, Kjaerheim K, Koifman S, Lagiou P, La Vecchia C, Lazarus P, Levi F, Lissowska J, Macfarlane T, Mates D, McClean M, Menezes A, Merletti F, Morgenstern H, Muscat J, Olshan AF, Purdue M, Ramroth H, Rudnai P, Schwartz SM, Serraino D, Shangina O, Smith E, Sturgis EM, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Thomson P, Vaughan TL, Vilensky M, Wei QY, Winn DM, Wunsch-Filho V, Zhang ZF, Znaor A, Ferro G, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Lee YCA

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: International Journal of Epidemiology

Year: 2016

Volume: 45

Issue: 3

Pages: 835-845

Print publication date: 01/06/2016

Online publication date: 30/07/2016

Acceptance date: 26/06/2015

ISSN (print): 0300-5771

ISSN (electronic): 1464-3685

Publisher: Oxford University Press

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv146

DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv146

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